Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial analysis of DRUG-RELATED CRIMES in Iran's provinces. Method: The statistical population of this study consisted of 31 provinces of the country based on the data of 2015. The model used for datat analysis included Prometheus, Global Moran statistics, and Oval standard deviation. Results: The provinces of Ilam and Tehran with Phi values of 0. 736 and – 0. 803 were placed in the best and worst ranks for DRUG-RELATED offenses, respectively. The spatial analysis of the global Moran model shows that DRUG traffickers and distributors, addicts and consumers od crystal, cocaine, ampoules, psychedelic pills, and precursors are the indexes that contain randomized distribution model; and the indicators of other substances, grasses, hashish, opium and sap, morphine, heroin, and foreign substances have a cluster distribution pattern. In addition, the results of the oval test indicated a standard deviation from the distribution direction of southeast to northwest. Conclusion: The assessment and spatial analysis of DRUG-RELATED CRIMES showed that border provinces and Tehran as the capital of the country are exposed to DRUG-RELATED CRIMES more than other provinces.

Crime imposes expenses on the society and puts the goverment in troublein implemnting economic policies. the present study aims at investigating the effect of poverty, unemployment and social factors on the theft and DRUG-RELATED CRIMES. the present study is an applied one and questionnaire was used to collect the required data. prisonors of semnan central prison accused of theft and DRUG-RELATED CRIMES formed the statistical population of the study. statistical sample was randomely selected. The findings demonstrated that unemployment exert different effects on theft and DRUG-RELATED CRIMES. the findings also showed that the risk of crime has different effects on different types of CRIMES.

Economic instability, declining revenues, and government control over economic policies have led to weakening economic security in the private sector and other domestic sectors. Cryptocurrency CRIMES are the result of scattered tactics commensurate with the electronic deposit and withdrawal of currency,including the use of Bitcoin, Light Coin, Atrium, and other cryptocurrencies for illegal purposes;The present article aims to investigate the CRIMES of illegal activities RELATED to cryptocurrencies,which has been done by descriptive and analytical methods, while examining the concept of CRIMES and illegal activities in the field of cryptocurrencies to identify new methods of cryptocurrencies by criminals with Use cryptocurrencies; In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of using cryptocurrencies have been legally analyzed to provide an effective step in identifying the CRIMES of criminals and preventing them in order to achieve the goals of the research and reveal its dimensions. The results of the study show; Virtual and digital currencies are not in fact illegal. On the other hand, the law for their use has not been approved, except for citing Article 138 of the Constitution of 1398, which uses the currency code subject to the approval of the Ministry of Industry and Mines. Operation based on monetary and payment networks based on blockchain technology and RELATED businesses has focused on developers or a stakeholder organization, which remains a major challenge.

Cryptocurrencies, or digital currencies, introduced to society based on block chain technology, are currencies that can be converted into money and vice versa. Some organizations, especially cybercriminals, use it as a payment method. This, along with the increasing popularity of cryptocurrencies, in both criminal and non-criminal aspects, has led to the emergence of a series of anomalies. Some countries have accepted cryptocurrencies, while others have either not accepted them or have remained silent. Given the various and numerous advantages they have, cryptocurrencies facilitate other CRIMES, including cybercrime, but of course, combating the facilitating role of cryptocurrencies depends on the will of governments to legislate and regulate organizations. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method to examine and analyze CRIMES RELATED to cryptocurrencies. The research conclusion emphasizes the need to strengthen infrastructure, develop global cooperation, and develop specific regulations for the use of these tools so that the Iranian criminal system can be more efficient in combating digital money laundering. In fact, the formalization of digital currencies, in addition to numerous benefits, provides opportunities for implementing new mechanisms to combat money laundering, the preventive solutions of which will be introduced in this research.

Objective: Due to the growing trend of recidivism in DRUG-RELATED CRIMES and the notable contribution of these CRIMES among the committed CRIMES, the aim of study was to investigate crime dimensions, especially the economic dimension of CRIMES in the field of macro-economic and criminal policy making.Method: The relationship of inflation and unemployment with recidivism in DRUG-RELATED CRIMES was investigated using inferential and descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares of regression technique during 1979-2006.Results: Unemployment and inflation were found to hold a positive relationship with the dependent variable. Unemployment and inflation could explain 16% and 74% of the criterion variable, respectively.Conclusion: Therefore, inflation and unemployment are among the economic indicators that can account for 85% of the changes into the recidivism in economic CRIMES while Gini coefficient, education, and urbanization had no effect on recidivism in economic CRIMES.

Introduction: Crime occurrence, especially DRUG-RELATED CRIMES are among the most significant problems in Zanjan city which are considered as worrisome problem for police and urban managers in this city. What is more, crime can cause negative and unbearable effects on human, social and economical development. Also it can cause a sense of insecurity and pessimism in the society. In fact individual behavior is a product of an interaction between the person and the setting. Most criminological theories pay attention only to the first, asking why certain people might be more criminally inclined or less so. This neglects the second, the important features of each setting that help to translate criminal inclinations into action. One cannot commit a crime without overcoming its physical requirements. During recent decades some new approaches have focused on environmental criminology and the relations between crime and place.Methodology: This paper aimed at controlling the high-crime districts. In order to identify and analyze the spatial patterns of crime and crime facilitators in this city some statistical and graphic models and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been applied. This study is based on analytic-comparative method and the essential data and information has been collected through documentary and survey methods. All the DRUG-RELATED CRIMES which are occurred in Zanjan city during a year have been examined in this article, which include DRUG dealing and DRUG abuse CRIMES. The spatial patterns of crime distribution in Zanjan city have been identified by using some statistical methods including: Mean Center, Standard Deviation Ellipse, Tests for Clustering, Nearest Neighborhood Index (NNI) and Quartic Kernel Density Estimation.Results and Discussion: This study shows that the Mean Center points for DRUG-RELATED CRIMES can be used to generally indicate that DRUG offences show a greater tendency to occur in the central part of Zanjan city. Levels of dispersion can be presented using Standard Deviation Ellipses. The north-west, south-east orientation of DRUG-RELATED CRIMES helps to describe the general direction toward which these CRIMES have a tendency to be patterned. Testing for clustering is the first step in revealing whether data have hot spots of crime. The NNI is a simple and quick method to test for evidence of clustering. The results of this study show that according to Nearest Neighborhood Index (NNI), spatial distributions of DRUG-RELATED CRIMES in Zanjan city are significantly clustered which suggests the existence of hot spots and cool spots in the city area. Areas of concentrated crime are often referred to as hot spots. The most suitable method for visualizing crime data as a continuous surface is Quartic Kernel Density Estimation. According to this method, the major DRUG hot spot has been identified in Bisim district.Conclusion: Having many physical and demographical problems such as high population density, this area faces many restrictions in urban services like lack of some urban services and shortage of some others. However, urban manager and people in charge have tried to obtain some essential services for habitants of this area. Bisim is one of the two biggest informal settlements in Zanjan city which was established about 40 years ago due to high immigrations of rural people during that decade. Occupying 2.2 percent of the city area, Bisim has been gathered 10 percent of Zanjan city’s population. So this area has high population density in comparison to other parts of the city. In addition the major hot spot, two other slight hot spots have been understood in Hosseinie and Foroodgah quarters in Zanjan city.In order to improve security and reducing CRIMES especially DRUG-RELATED areas in mentioned areas, these suggestions should be considered as a priority for people in charge of urban management as listed below:Allocating some essential urban services in Bisim area and making balance in the type and composition of urban land use;Locating and building some recreation grounds, parks, libraries and some other areas for entertaining youth and habitants of Bisim area;Designing defensible spaces, rebuilding the urban abandoned areas and improving the light of streets during the night in order to stop criminals taking advantages of darkness;Locating and building police station in the Bisim area in order to increase formal surveillance; andImproving the physical conditions of streets in order to facilitate traffic and police patrolling.

Background and purpose: In recent years, DRUG therapies have played an increasing role in management of DRUG-RELATED CRIMES due to decrease in efficacy of other anti-crime methods. This study investigated the relationship between methadone maintenance therapy and frequency of DRUG-RELATED CRIMES. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 420 patients attending private addiction treatment centers who received agonist therapy in Kurdkuy and Gorgan in Golestan province, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and items on history of DRUG abuse, history of CRIMES, domestic violence and conflicts, divorce and remarriage, and work and employment. The questionnaires were completed at admission time and six months after initiation of methadone treatment through face to face interviews. Data analysis was done in SPSS V23. Results: The majority of patients were married (88%), had low educational levels (75%) and were Persian (88%). The most commonly used narcotic DRUG was opium used oral or inhaled. There was a significant inverse relationship between methadone maintenance treatment and cases of crime and domestic violence and a significant direct relationship between the treatment and cases of divorce or remarriage, and work and employment before and after treatment (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Methadone maintenance treatment showed a significant effect on reducing social crime and domestic violence. Further researches are suggested to study other associated factors in larger number of patients while considering other variables such as improvement of behavioral disorders and RELATED diseases in long-time follow-up investigations.

Kermanshah is one of those cities which face many problems of urban development in the course of the past two decades. The spatial, anatomical, and social conditions of this city caused the statics of CRIMES to increase. In addition, the studies show that DRUG-RELATED CRIMES are statistically more than other social abnormalities. Therefore, it is required that the local conditions of these CRIMES is identified in Kermanshah using modern technologies and based on scientific methods, in order to take practical and executive measures to remove such conditions or reduce the effects of such situations.

Covid 19 which is a member of the big family of corona viruses, has caused a widespread lock down of businesses and blockage of human activities which is unprecedented and even world wars were not able to do so. Despite the infection of more than four million people around the world and hundreds of thousands of deaths following this worldwide pandemic, there were also some positive effects for this disease in different areas such as decline in the consumption of energy, greenhouse gases and environmental damages and pollution around the world. Although there were negative effects for covid 19 like the increase of food consumption during quarantines caused by it and increase of water consumption because of hygienic purposes. Besides these consequences, there is a question about the criminal aspects of covid 19. In this respects we can mention three different topics in relation to Iranian criminal and environmental law, including the CRIMES RELATED to special medical waste, transfering the virus to the animals and threatening the public hygiene.